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Introduction@#Amenorrhea has still been listed as one of common diseases among women in Mongolia. Some traditional prescription for amenorrhea, used commonly in Mongolian traditional medicine, needs more attention to dig out its scientific proof of therapeutic effect on pathogenesis of some diseases. Therefore, we aimed to research Shimshin-6 traditional prescription to develop a granule formulation for amenorrhea and other female reproductive diseases, and study its qualitative and quantitative characteristics.@*Material and method@#In this study, Shimshin-6 traditional prescription was randomly collected from 5 pharmaceutical manufacturers named as “Х-1, Х-2, Х-3, Х-4 and Х-5”. The collected prescriptions were granulated and optimized by a wet-granulation method. Then, granule spill weight and flow quality were detected in obtained granule formulation.@*Result@#20 types of granule formulation from Shimshin-6 were obtained by using 8% and 10% of gelatin, 6% and 8% of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a binder in these formulations. As a result, the suitable binder in this formulation was detected 6% of polyvinylpyrrolidone after researching the granule spill weight and flow rate. For the granule formulations of X-1, X-2 and X-5 prescriptions, the polyvinylpyrrolidone was chosen as the suitable binder due to the result from granule spill weight of the formulation. As for the X-3 and X-4 prescriptions, gelatin was the suitable binder in these formulations. After studying the flow quality of newly obtained granule formulations from “Х- 1, Х-2, Х-3, Х-4 and Х-5”, the most suitable binder was polyvinylpyrrolidone.@*Conclusion@#Altogether, these results showed that the most suitable binder for granulating Shimshin-6 traditional medicine was 6% of polyvinylpyrrolidone due to the results from granule spill weight and flow rate.
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Abstract@#Trees and shrubs of the genus <i>Betula</i> (Betulaceae) inhabit various ecosystems in temperate and boreal climate zones of the northern hemisphere. The healing properties of <i>Betula</i> bark and bark extracts have been known for a long time in traditional medicine in different parts of the world. Several species of <i>Betula</i> have traditionally been used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases including arthritis. The purpose of this review is to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information on the botany, traditional uses and phytochemical research of <i>Betula</i> species in order to explore their therapeutic potential and evaluate future research opportunities.
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Abstract@#The birch leaves were used as a substitute for birch bark, buds and chaga of birch in traditional medicine because the birch leaves are considered to be less toxic. Numerous researches conducted in Russia, Bulgaria, Japan, and China on <i>B.pubescens, B. pendula, B.Rezniczenkoana (Litv) </i> Schischk, <i>B.humilis</i> Schrank, and <i>B.mandshurica</i> Rgl Nakai found that birch barks and leaves contain antioxidants and they have anti-cancer, anti-yeast, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, liver protective and bile secretion induction properties. The studies conducted on animals with diseases showed that the birch leaves had anti-inflammatory properties on the gastric mucosa during acute stress, as well as anti-biliary and giardiasis. The birch leaf phytopreparations experimentations used on animals showed reduced peripheral tissue insulin resistance and lowered blood sugar. Mongolian traditional medicinal journals noted that the birch barks are used to treat inflammatory acute diseases. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the effects of two species of birch leaves on blood sugar and antioxidant activities in diabetes-induced rats.@*The study materials and methods@#The study was conducted in the Pharmacology Research Laboratory of the Monos Group’s Institute of Pharmacology. 40 WISTAR, non-linear white rats weighing 150-204 g were used in the experiments. Dry extract of birch leaves of the two species (Alloxan monohydrate Tokyo Chemical Industry LTD), IGM-100 3A blood glucose meter (Blood glucose test meter, Infopia LTD, Brussels Belgium) and sugar test (Blood glucose test strip only, province, China) were used for the experiment. Lenzen’s (2008) method was used to induce Alloxan diabetes in the rats and the antioxidant properties were determined by the antioxidant activity kit (Rat Malondialchehyche Elisa KIT, cat. № EKRAT- 0266, Jilin).@*Study Result@#The blood glucose level of the control group with diabetes lowered from 31.5 mmol/l to 17.1 mmol/l in 14 days. As for the <i>B.platyphylla</i> Sukacz group, the blood glucose level reduced to 6.3 mmol/l and the <i>B.hippolytii. </i> Sukacz group’s blood glucose level reduced to 6.9 mmol/l in 14 days.</br> The study results showed that <i>B.hippolytii </i>Sukacz birch leaves and <i>B.platyphilla</i> Sukacz birch leaves’ extracts reduced the maximum level of MDA dilution (4.8 nmol/ml) of B.hippolytii Sukacz and B.platyphilla Sukacz groups by 33.9% and 53.5% respectively. This suggests that the birch leaves had antioxidant effect.@*Conclusion@#<i>B.hippolytii </i>Sukacz birch leaves and <i>B. platyphilla </i> (Sukacz) birch leaves lowered the blood glucose level and had antioxidant properties on diabetes.
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Abstract@#Numerous researches conducted in Russia, Bulgaria, Japan, and China on <i>B.pubescens, B. pendula, B.rezniczenkoana (Litv) </i> Schischk, <i>B.humilis</i> Schrank, <i>B.mandshurica</i> Rgl Nakai found that birch barks and leaves contain antioxidants and they have anti-cancer, anti-fungi, antibac- terial and anti-inflammatory properties, protect liver and promote bile secretion. Flat leaved birch (<i>B.platyphylla</i> Sukacz) cortex contains betulin and lupeol of triterpenoids and it’s leaves contain flavonoid and polyphenol compounds. The amounts of compounds found in the cortex are smaller than leaves. Specifically, the amount of flavonoid in leaves is more contained than the that of cortex and leaf buds. In any pharmacology study of new medicines, determination and evaluation of toxicity is the first priority. According to scientific evidences that birch leaves are considered to have less toxins. Not many studies have been conducted on determining toxicity of birch leaves in Mongolia. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the species of birches, hippolytii birch (<i>B.hippolytii. </i> Sukacz) and flat leaved birch (<i>B.platyphylla. </i> Sukacz), that were noted to have medical properties in traditional medications and identify their acute toxicity using dry extract and determine mortality dosage (LD<sub>50</sub>) on animals.@*Research materials and methods@#Evaluation of the acute toxicity of birch leaves was conducted in Pharmacology laboratory of Monos group’s Drug Research Institute between June 19, 2020 and August 10. In this research, 150-204 g of WISTAR breed non-linear 44 white rats were used and 20 g of <i>B.Hippolytii’</i>s dry extract and 20 g of B. <i>Platyphylla</i> ‘s dry extract were injected.</br> The experiments to determine the toxicity of dry extracts of <i>B. hippolytii</i> and <i>B. platyphylla</i> (LD<sub>50</sub>) were conducted according to Litchfield and Wilcoxon’s method and subcutaneous injects were per formed in the pelvic area of the rats. @*Results of determining acute toxicity level@#The experiments to determine the acute toxicity level of the birch’s dry extracts followed Litchfield and Wilcoxon’s method with 2-stage. LD<sub>50</sub> level was determined from the first stage of the research using G.N.Pirshen’s method and the toxicity level was identified using K.K.Sidorov’s toxicity categorization.</br> From the acute toxicity research, no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), animal daily dosage and human daily dosage (experimental) were determined. LD<sub>50</sub> 2950 mg/kg was determined as a result of acute toxicity research of B.hippolytii and B.platyphilla leaves’ dry extract.
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Tuberculosis disease is directly proportional to a country’s socio-economic situation and standard of living. Studies have shown that in Mongolia the inflation, unemployment, poverty and migration that have emerged as a consequence of the socio-economic changes in 1990s have influenced the spread of the disease.The Global Fund to Fight AIDS and Tuberculosis Project was initiated by the UN and launched in our country in 2003. In relation to an expected completion of the project in 2016, the need has been determined to include the funds required for AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) treatment into the state budget and, therefore, the necessity to conduct a detailed study of TB drug usage to validate this need has become the basis of this research.[3,5,6] Materials and methods: Patient history of 200 inpatients in (NCCD). Registration of drug expenditure of pulmonary tuberculosis and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTb) and statistic survey data.As WHO recommended determining drug consumption by disease and mathematic statistic method. Purpose:Multi-drug resistant drugs tuberculosis used in the treatment of estimated needs, and to be determined by the main anti-tuberculosis drug spending.Results: 1. 50 patients diagnosed as MDRtb by the NCCD used 9 main types of drugs, Out of these 5 were most widely used. 2. 1,211,700,0±546,008,9million was spent on treatment of MDRtb in inpatient facilitiesКey words:Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis